Officially
known as the Monumento Nazionale a Vittorio Emanuele II, the enormous white
marble monument that dominates Piazza Venezia was
built as a tribute to the first king of a united Italy, Victor Emmanuel II.
As King of
Sardinia and victor over the Austrian army in Lombardy, Victor Emmanuel had
become a symbol of the Risorgimento, the movement for a united Italy.
After his
army joined forces with Garibaldi and defeated the papal army, the Kingdom of
Italy was proclaimed in 1861 with Victor Emmanuel as king.
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