WHAT IS A PHYSICAL DISABILITY?

INSIGHTS FROM THE UNITED SPINAL ASSOCIATION

Physical therapy clinics, often like fitness gymnasiums, are designed for a wide range of exercises, manual therapy, mechanical devices, and stations for heat, cold, electricity, sound waves, and radiation treatment.

PTs also can help a person adjust to using a prosthesis or assistive mobility device.

The goal is to minimize loss of mobility via specific treatment, fitness and wellness programs tailored to the person’s condition, age, goals, etc.

People with physical disabilities also benefit from an occupational therapist.

This is similar, but instead of a fitness center, the clinic is set up like a workplace – an office, industrial or other setting.

OTs retrain people with physical disabilities to return to their jobs via new approaches to doing physical labor or with assistive devices.

OTs also train people with physical disabilities for an entirely new career, should their disability preclude their reassuming their prior job duties.

Many of United Spinal Association’s Rehabilitation & Therapeutic members provide PT, OT, and other invaluable services for people with physical disabilities.

WHAT IS A PHYSICAL DISABILITY?

INSIGHTS FROM THE UNITED SPINAL ASSOCIATION

People with physical disabilities are served by dozens of nationwide nonprofit advocacy groups that raise funds for research, treatment, adaptive equipment, mobility devices, job training, educational opportunities, quality of life, political advocacy and other efforts that champion inclusion in all aspects of daily life.

Longstanding nonprofits include, but are not limited to, United Spinal Association, United Cerebral Palsy, Arthritis Foundation, Muscular Dystrophy Association, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Epilepsy Foundation and Spina Bifida Foundation.

Most people with physical disabilities can benefit from a licensed physical therapist.

Hospitals have in-patient physical therapy for people recovering from surgery or treatment.

Outpatient physical therapy clinics have significantly grown in the 21st century.

A physician usually writes a prescription, and the PT analyzes X-rays and medical reports.

The physician then interviews the person while creating a course of treatment.

WHAT IS A PHYSICAL DISABILITY?

INSIGHTS FROM THE UNITED SPINAL ASSOCIATION

Even with the boost in work-from-home technology during the COVID pandemic, people with physical disabilities were pushed into jobs below their ability, less than full-time work or unemployment – at numbers far lower than people who do not have a disability.

This leads to poverty or barely enough income to pay for accessible housing, transportation, health care, personal care and food.

Adults with physical disabilities report experiencing frequent mental distress almost five times as often as adults without disabilities, as researched and reported by the CDC.

A CDC study found that about one-third of adults with physical disabilities experienced frequent mental distress, defined as 14 or more reported mentally unhealthy days in the past 30 days.

During the COVID pandemic, mental health issues rose in the disability community.

Isolation, a reduction in PCA availability, and having an underlying condition that made the impact of COVID more dangerous contributed to depression, anxiety, and other issues.

Prevalent causes of mental health distress among people with physical disabilities include poor access to health care, isolation from the community, and poverty. Peer support groups may help break down isolation.

WHAT IS A PHYSICAL DISABILITY?

INSIGHTS FROM THE UNITED SPINAL ASSOCIATION

United Spinal Association has focused on the quality of life for people with spinal cord injuries/disorders for over 75 years. The association advocates for all wheelchair users and those using assistive mobility devices – no matter the underlying cause.

Rheumatoid and osteoarthritis and related inflammatory conditions are the most common physical disabilities resulting from a medical condition post-birth.

Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability from childbirth.

Spinal cord injury is the most common physical disability resulting from traumatic injury, though some SCIs can result from a medical condition.

More than one in four people (27%) have some level of disability that impacts their daily lives, according to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 

This includes physical, visual, hearing and cognitive disabilities. 

That means there are roughly 90 million people in the United States who have a disability.

The U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey estimates that at least 7% of Americans have a physical disability. 

U.S. Bureau of Labor statistics prove that people with physical disabilities are by far the most under- and unemployed of all marginalized groups in America.

WHAT IS A PHYSICAL DISABILITY?

INSIGHTS FROM THE UNITED SPINAL ASSOCIATION

Many people with physical disabilities benefit from personal care attendants. 

These trained professionals are not nurses but are skilled at helping with daily routines to prepare for work, meals, recreation, and sleep.

Also, since the passage of civil rights laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, adaptations to transit, transportation, sidewalks, parks, education centers, workplaces, shopping centers and the arts can make them accessible to people with disabilities.

Examples of physical disabilities

Physical disability is often the result of a medical condition, such as muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, arthritis or epilepsy.

Some disabilities are present at birth, such as cerebral palsy, spina bifida and partially formed/not fully functional limb or extremity.

Physical disability also can result from an injury, such as loss/reduction of use of a limb or spinal cord injury.

WHAT IS A PHYSICAL DISABILITY?

INSIGHTS FROM THE UNITED SPINAL ASSOCIATION

Physical disability is defined as a limitation on a person’s physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina.

Although a physical disability substantially impacts an individual’s ability to do normal daily activities, it does not preclude quality of life.

Many people with physical disabilities are employed, go to school, raise families and engage in other meaningful activities.

Physical disability can impact a person’s ability to bathe, dress, prepare meals, do chores and other daily activities.

It can affect speech and communication.

But with proper support and services, a person with a physical disability’s life is as meaningful as anyone else’s.

The use of durable medical equipment, such as shower benches, grab bars, and wheelchairs, can mitigate physical disability.

Smart technologies that allow appliances to be operated by voice have increased the ability of people with physical disabilities to control their environment.

And a whole host of assistive technology exists to support people with physical disabilities in leading rich and fulfilling lives.

RIGHTS GIVEN SHOULD NEVER BE TAKEN AS A GIVEN

OUR RIGHTS AS DISABLED PEOPLE CAN NEVER BE TAKEN FOR GRANTED

By Heidi Johnson-Wright

Rights given should never be taken as a given.

Just because the law protects us doesn’t mean those protections will always be respected. Not even by allegedly respectable entities such as school districts.

Take Anthony Merchante, for example. Anthony is a cute little 7-year old boy. He has more challenges to deal with, though, then the average 7 year old. He has cerebral palsy, spastic paralysis and a seizure disorder. He cannot speak, and he uses a wheelchair for mobility.

Because Anthony is a person with a disability, he has rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act. One of those rights is the use of a service dog. And it just so happens that a bright, dedicated, professionally trained dog came into his life. The Staffordshire terrier, named Stevie, alerts caregivers when Anthony needs help.

Stevie knows when Anthony needs help stabilizing his head to keep his airway open. The dog steps onto Anthony’s wheelchair and lays across his lap. The dog alerts humans by stepping on a mat with a sensor should Anthony have a medical emergency, such as a seizure. Stevie’s vest carries medical supplies and emergency instructions for Anthony’s human caregivers.

Not only is Stevie an essential part of Anthony’s daily care, but he’s a gentleman, too. He stays at Anthony’s side, is never disruptive, doesn’t beg for food or bother anyone.

Nevertheless, Broward County, FL school administrators decided, for whatever reason, they did not like Stevie. Didn’t want him in Anthony’s school, even though the dog has never misbehaved.

Anthony’s mother tried for two years to convince the school district that Stevie is an essential part of Anthony’s life. She tried to make them see that, without the service dog, her son could not get the education he is entitled to.

The school district put up roadblocks. Administrators insisted that Stevie receive vaccinations not required of other dogs. They required Anthony’s mom to purchase expensive liability insurance and insisted she pay a handler to accompany the dog during the school day. The district even contended that Anthony didn’t need Stevie. That school staff could do all the things Stevie does.  

So Anthony’s mom took the school district to court. In fact, a friend and colleague of mine – Matthew Dietz, represented her and her son. Dietz told the court that the district’s burdensome requirements amounted to “an impossible barrier,” and violated the ADA.

Ultimately, the judge agreed, ruling that is was reasonable for Stevie to accompany Anthony during the school day, “in the same way a school would assist a non-disabled child to use the restroom, or assist a diabetic child with her insulin pump, or assist a physically disabled child employ her motorized wheelchair.”

The school district can no longer separate Anthony from his service dog, and cannot impose the insurance and handler requirements on him.

Now a seven-year old boy – like the other seven year olds -- can focus on math and spelling and social studies. He doesn’t have to worry that the service dog who enables him to do these things will be taken away. That the rights he is guaranteed under federal civil rights law will be violated by a school district that refuses to acknowledge these rights.

It’s been a quarter century since the passage of the ADA. But we must never let our guard down.

Like the way Stevie watches over his friend, Anthony.

Follow Heidi Johnson-Wright's acclaimed blog at: http://earthboundtomboy.blogspot.com